This intertwining of application discovery and device building is called codesign.Įarly quantum computer applications will likely come from science itself, such as programmable simulations of quantum phenomena to the understanding of how information evolves and propagates in entangled quantum systems. We argue that these two challenges are related: by building larger and more capable quantum computers we discover new applications, and by refining these applications we effectively guide the development of quantum computer hardware. Moreover, it remains a great challenge to build quantum computers and scale the qubit number and operation fidelity to that required for useful applications. It is unclear however how quantum computers will be used in the future, as there are only a few known algorithms offering a quantum advantage. This inherent “wiring” allows quantum computers to compute and sample over enormous spaces of information not available in any possible conventional computer. Through quantum logic gate operations, qubits can also become “entangled,” a uniquely quantum attribute whereby multiple qubits exhibit strong correlations even though they are individually random when measured. At the core of a quantum computer is a collection of quantum bits (qubits) that can be in quantum superpositions of 0 and 1 when sufficiently isolated from the environment. computers represent a radical approach to information processing, allowing computational tasks that are difficult or impossible with conventional computers.25Institute for Nuclear Theory and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.24Microsoft Quantum, Redmond, Washington, USA.23Institute for Quantum Information and Matter and Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.22Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA 20Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.19Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.18元Harris Technologies, Melborune, Florida, USA.17Department of Computer Science, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA.16IonQ, Inc., College Park, Maryland, USA.15Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.14National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.13Joint Quantum Institute, Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.12Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.11Google, Inc., Venice, California, USA.10Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.9Department of Physics and IQUIST, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.8Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.7Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA. ![]() 6Department of Computer Science and Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.5Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.4Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.2Google, Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA.1Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA. ![]() Lukin 20, Dmitri Maslov 21, Peter Maunz 22, Christopher Monroe 13,16,*, John Preskill 23, Martin Roetteler 24, Martin J. Gorshkov 13,14, Andrew Houck 15, Jungsang Kim 3,5,16, Shelby Kimmel 17, Michael Lange 18, Seth Lloyd 19, Mikhail D. ![]() Chong 8, Brian DeMarco 9, Dirk Englund 10, Edward Farhi 11,12, Bill Fefferman 8, Alexey V. Brown 3,4,5, Robert Calderbank 3,6, Lincoln D.
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